![]() First, for charging coordination with only one-round interaction, a fuzzy expert system prioritizes PEVs to determine the order in which they will be charged. To allow both public parking lots and small residential garages to benefit from smart charging for end-user DR, a framework has been developed in which the aggregator handles decision-making through real-time interactions with PEV owners. Motivated by this background, the goal of the work presented in this thesis was to introduce new operational algorithms that facilitate the charging of PEVs and the employment of their batteries for short-term grid support of active power. One of these tools is demand response (DR), a feature that adjusts customers’ electricity usage through the offer of incentive payments. To this end, utilities worldwide are using IT, communication, and sensors to provide enhanced incorporation of operational tools and thus create a more robust and interactive environment able to handle generation-demand dynamics and uncertainties. One of the established goals related to smart grids is to build on their ability to take advantage of all available energy resources through efficient, decentralized management. These developments have been accompanied by the initiation of a new paradigm for controllable PEV loads based on a number of advantages associated with a smart grid context. An additional consideration is that advances in intelligent technologies and expert systems have introduced a range of flexible control strategies, which make smart grid implementation more attractive and viable for the power industry. One effective approach could be to build on a supervisory control system, similar to a SCADA system that manages the aggregation of PEVs, a role that could be filled by aggregators that exchange data and information among individual PEVs and energy service providers. ![]() ![]() ![]() However, a control strategy could be directed at a single vehicle or group of vehicles. In fact, electric utilities are unable to control individual PEVs in order to manage their charging and avoid negative consequences for distribution lines. However, widespread use of this form of transportation, such as plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), will constitute a significant draw on power grids, especially when associated with uncontrolled charging schemes. Electric transportation has attracted a great deal of interest within the transport sector because of its notable potential to become a low-carbon substitute for conventional combustion engine vehicles. ![]()
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